

Soon after Socrates’ death, several members of his circle of admirers undertook to preserve and praise his memory by writing works that represented him in his most characteristic activity-conversation. (Socrates himself wrote nothing.) Many of these “Socratic discourses,” as Aristotle called them, are no longer extant.

For its powerful advocacy of the examined life and for its provocative condemnation of Athenian democracy, Plato’s Apology of Socrates (the Greek term apologia, from which apology in the relevant sense is derived, means “defense”) is universally regarded as one of the central documents of Western thought and culture. At the trial, a jury of Socrates’ fellow citizens found him guilty and sentenced him to death by poisoning (the poison probably being hemlock). Jacques-Louis David: The Death of SocratesĪpology, in full Apology of Socrates, early dialogue by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, purporting to represent the speech given by Socrates, Plato’s teacher, at the former’s trial in Athens in 399 bce in response to accusations of impiety and corrupting the young.


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